WPC  +A>>K3l a5MfMuYX$!0Xfc{)'q=1D)f35'r=?֦9 ֟mւhRܮBwU٭T[ο*T(Wȭ ;Ƨ4Kt$#RtM1XH4t2e tOZODEDl{N|S-WPa[OFiXkN |vwVgkvn׶H;k"Ϝ_'Mw YPV6$&%]!}_{,88n+fP1uT6 7~\mdfʁkz@!%GhhJ@#4仈BNïaq/atk(ǔ*'  C  $$C  RESPID____   KERALARESEARCH2000     x PAGE  1  (k3>$  \!  C  $$C  (3$  !  'dxd*%+&A<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5( $ Figure  1  ////7Hairlinedxd)Hairline d  \!  C  $# C  H XXXX X XTRWP6&A43'6&A43'T   GENERALGUIDELINESFORINTERVIEWERS #  7# H 0   STATEMENTS(LIKETHIS)INUPPERCASELETTERSAREINSTRUCTIONSTOTHEINTERVIEWER ##   THEYARE NOT TOBEREADALOUD  THESEARETHEMAINSECTIONSOFTHEINTERVIEW D    BACKGROUND  CURRENTPROJECTS       *NETWORKS&PROFESSIONALCONTACTS  PROFESSIONALACTIVITIES  *COMPUTERS,EMAIL,&WEBUSE  ATTITUDES  INTERVIEWERQUESTIONS TOBECOMPLETEDAFTERLEAVING  X   XX # X X## . *THESESECTIONSMUSTBEDONEFORTHEINTERVIEWTOCOUNTASCOMPLETED#  .f# XX  T  BEFOREYOUSTART  FOLDEACHOFTHENETWORKPAGES&NOTETHETIME# X X# XX BEGINTHEINTERVIEW0  0p##  INTRODUCEYOURSELF&THECOMMUNICATIONSTUDY p#p#   GIVETHERESPONDENTTHEPROJECTDESCRIPTION0  ASKIFHEWOULDLIKEACOPYOFTHERESULTS ## 0  # X X# XX ԄCONFIRMTHERESPONDENT'SNAME,ORGANIZATION&JOBTITLE# X X# XX L##   CONTINUEWITHTHEBACKGROUNDQUESTIONSONPAGE1AFTERTHEINTERVIEW  COMPLETETHEINTERVIEWERQUESTIONSONTHELASTPAGE  NOTETHETIME# X Xk#   SOMERULESOFINTERVIEWING:  \! NEVER"PROMPT"THERESPONDENTWITHANSWERS0   QUESTIONSSHOULDBEREADASTHEYAREPRINTED.MAKESURETOREADALLTHEANSWERSINORDERNOTTOBIASTHERESPONSE ## 0  THEONERESPONSETHATSHOULDNOTBEREADIS"DON'TKNOW"(SOMETIMESTHISISWRITTENONTHESURVEYAS"9=DK/NR,"WHICHMEANS"DON'TKNOWORNORESPONSE") ## 0   YOURVOICESHOULDREFLECT'INTEREST'INTHEANSWERBUTSHOULDNOTINDICATEANYPREFERENCE ## 0   DEFINITIONSOFTERMSSHOULDNOTBEREADALOUDUNLESSTHERESPONDENTASKSFORCLARIFICATIONOFATERM ##  0   IFTHERESPONDENTNEEDSCLARIFICATIONBEYONDWHATISPROVIDEDINTHEQUESTIONNAIRE, *'0 SIMPLYSAY'USEYOUROWNBESTJUDGEMENT,'OR'JUSTTHEUSUALMEANING,'OR'IDON'THAVEANYADDITIONALINSTRUCTIONSHERESOWHATEVERYOUTHINKISBEST.'IFTHEYARESTILLUNABLETOANSWER,MARKTHEANSWERAS'9'(NORESPONSE)ANDCONTINUEWITHTHENEXTQUESTION -*4## @(a PROJECTDESCRIPTION    Statementofconfidentiality:Theinformationprovidedwillbeheldinthestrictestconfidence.Wewillneitherpublish,release,nordiscloseanyinformationidentifiablewithindividualrespondents.Thisisaprojectonscientificcommunication.Thefocusofthestudyisthepatternofresearchcommunicationofscientists.WeareinterestedbothinlinkageswithinKeralaandoutsidetheState.Thequestionnairedealswithyourcurrentprojects, h  yourrelationswithpeople&organizations,andproblemsyouexperienceinconductingyourwork.Thankyouverymuchforyourkindassistance.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactanyofusifyouhaveanyquestions.Ifyouwouldlikeasummaryofthestudyresults,pleasetelltheinterviewer,whowillmakeanote. b  ProjectTeam #  b#    XX PrincipalInvestigator  Dr.R.SooryamoorthyLecturerLoyolaCollegeofSocialSciencesSreekariyamP.O.TVM695017resod6@vsnl.com592059 P ProjectCoordinator p( Vipindas.DLoyolaCollegeofSocialSciences553041 p  4 vipin_das_d@yahoo.com    InternationalCoordinator " Dr.WesleyShrumProfessorofSociologyLouisianaStateUniversityBatonRouge,LA70803shrum@lsu.edu2253885311 x    $L!' Investigators l&$#) M.ManojAnjanaV.R.ChandranJayasree.GVineetha.V.S.Fency.P.S.# X X# +'.   +(/   73VXXdXXd7    TYPESOFRELATION H ] 1)receivedorgavefunds  2)collaborativeproject3)personalfriend4)workedthere5)researchortrainingvisit6)gaveorrequestedinformationorotherresearchassistance7)borrowedorlentmaterials,samples,papers,reports8)attendedworkshoporconferencethere9)other (specify)#  i#      73VXXdXXd7@  ,a b  BACKGROUND#  b#   NameofRespondent(NOTTOBECODED)___________________________   0 COPYOFRESULTS____  1)  XX RESPONDENTIDNUMBER# X X# b Ԁ #  b#________ d` 2)DAY____3)INTERVIEWER:10=VIPINDAS x 11=M.MANOJ (   12=ANJANAV.R.CHANDRAN      p 13=JAYASREE.G x 14=VINEETHA.V.S.  15=FENCY.P.S.    4)ORGANIZATIONID_______ x CTCRI=272 ( CESS=258  VellayaniDept(seelist)   5)SUBUNIT p Nameofdepartmentorotherunitoforganization:_____________________________________   6)TIMEINTERVIEWBEGAN______  (USE24HOURCLOCK:FOREXAMPLE,1:15PMIS13:15))7)Whatisyourofficialjobtitle?____________________________________________8)Inwhatyeardidyoubeginyouremploymentwiththisorganization?____9)Inwhattypeoforganizationdidyouworkbeforeyouwereemployedbyyourcurrentorganization?  1=university 2=private x 3=governmentresearchinstitute  4=governmentagency  5=NGO PL    p  6=other  x 7=noprioremployment     0 9=DK/NR  @ii-a EDUCATION  `\ 10)Whatwasyourhighestdegree?1=Ph.D.2=Master's/M.Phil.3=Bachelor's4=Diploma5=Other   ! 11)Inwhatfield?_____________________________________12)Fromwhichinstitutionwasthatdegreereceived?________________________________________13)Inwhatyearwasthatdegreegranted?_____14)Haveyoureceivedanyofyourdegreesfromaninstitutioninthedevelopedcountries?1=Yes  0=No % )   14a)IFYES,Wasthatyourhighestdegreetheoneyoujustmentioned?(IFYES,SKIP14b)  14b)IFYES,WHICHDEGREE,YEAR,&INSTITUTION?     &!+ @* &!+ @*______________________________________________________________________________15)HowmanyyearsdidyouspendoutsideofIndiaforhighereducation&training,includingpostdoctoralstudies?_____ (#. 16)Howmanyyearshaveyouspentabroadaltogetherinthedevelopedcountries?_____ d*`%0 17)Whatisyouryearofbirth:19____18)Whatwasyourfather'smainoccupation? 0  0p##1=Farmer/Peasant2=Teacher/Education3=CivilServant4=Nurse/Medical 0+8 5=Researcher/Professor/Scientist6=Extensionofficer7=Business/Merchant/Shopkeeper8=Housewife9=Other# "# 2-:p#p# Ї19)Areyoumarried,single,divorced,separated,orwidowed?  1=married2=single3=divorced4=separated5=widowed20)Howmanychildrendoyouhave?______21)Ifmarried,whatisyourhusband/wife'smainoccupation? 0  0p##1=Farmer/Peasant2=Teacher/Education3=CivilServant4=Nurse/Medical   5=Researcher/Professor/Scientist6=Extensionofficer7=Business/Merchant/Shopkeeper8=Housewife9=Other# %#$ p#p# We'dliketoknowhowyourtimeisdividedamongresearch,teaching,administration,andotheractivities.  CLARIFICATION:WEMEANYOURACTUALTIME,NOTYOUROFFICIALTIME22)  Aboutwhatpercentageofyourprofessionaltimeisspentonresearch?____   23)  Aboutwhatpercentageofyourtimeisspentonteaching?____ |  24)  Aboutwhatpercentageofyourtimeisspentonadministration____   25)  Aboutwhatpercentageisspentonotheractivities_____     0 TOTAL=100%   PERSONNEL   Nowlet'sswitchtosomemoregeneralquestionsaboutrelationswithpeopleandprojects.Howmanyofeachofthefollowingpeopleareyoucurrentlyresponsibleforsupervising?  26)____Professionalscientists&engineers  27)____Techniciansandfieldworkers  28)____Doctoralstudents  29)____PostgraduateStudents(M.A.,M.S.,M.Phil.,etc.)  30)____NontechnicalstaffWithhowmanyofeachofthefollowingpeopleinyourownorganizationdoyouworkclosely?BythisImeanthosewithwhomyoucurrentlydiscussprojectsonaregularbasis?  31)____Professionalscientists&engineers  32)____Techniciansandfieldworkers  33)____Doctoralstudents  34)____PostgraduateStudents(M.A.,M.S.,M.Phil.,etc.)  35)____Nontechnicalstaff  \.X)6 @)a b  CURRENTPROJECTS#  b,#   We'reinterestedtoknowalittlebitaboutyourmainresearchprojectsandactivities.36)Currently,whatisyourmainareaofresearchorprofessionalinterest?_________________________________Couldyoupleasebrieflygivethetitleofeachofyourmostimportantcurrentprojects.EXPLAINIFNECESSARY.We'dalsoliketoknowifeachoneiscollaborative(thatis,doneincooperationwithsomeoneinanotherorganization)andwhereyourcollaboratorsarelocated. x    ( MAXIMUMOFTHREEPROJECTS 8 4  FIRSTPROJECT   p    x    (        p    x    (     37)Collaboration? 1=Yes0=No  XT  8) xd8   SECONDPROJECT(IFANY)   p    x    (     38)Collaboration? 1=Yes0=No   8) xd8 SO THIRDPROJECT(IFANY)   p    x    (     39)Collaboration? 1=Yes0=No  # 8) xd8 $ Includingtheprojectsyoujustmentioned,howmanyresearchprojectsareyouinvolvedinaltogether?Andhowmanyofthesedoyoudirect?  40)_____Totalnumberofresearchprojects    41)______Totalnumberofresearchprojectsdirected Pleaseindicateifeachofthefollowingisaproblemforyouinyourcurrentresearch: y&u!. # 4#   1=Amajorproblem 2=Aminorproblem ( 3=Notaproblem  0     9=DK/NR ("0 # 4#    p    x MajorMinorNot   0   0  )$2 # 5# 42)Contactingpeoplewhentheyareneeded x # 6#   1 ( 2  3   0     9# 6#  Q*M%3 # 7# 43)Coordinatingschedules  x   # 7# 1 ( 2  3   0     9# n8#  +&4 44)Lengthoftimetogetthingsdone. x   # 8# 1 ( 2  3   0     9# 9#  +&5 45)Transmittinginformation.  x   # :# 1 ( 2  3   0     9# :#  ,'6 46)Gettingotherstoseeyourpoint.  x # E;#   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ;#  a-](7 47)Securityofinformation.  x   # s<# 1 ( 2  3   0     9#  =#  %.!)8 48)Resolvingconflicts.   x # =#   1 ( 2  3   0     9# +>#  .)9 49)Decisionsonadivisionofwork.  x # >#   1 ( 2  3   0     9# X?#  /*: 50)Keepingothersinformedofyourprogress.  # ?# 1 ( 2  3   0     9# @#  q0m+; 51)Toomuchinformation.  x   # A# 1 ( 2  3   0     9# A#  511,< # 2B#  1,=    b  NETWORKS#  bB#   B Nowwearemovingintothesectionoftheinterviewthatasksaboutyourprofessionallinkages.  I'mnowgoingtogiveyoualistoforganizations.First,I'mgoingtoshowyoualistofinternationalorganizations,thenalistoforganizationsinKeralaandIndia. 0   GIVERESPONDENTTHEFOLDEDLISTOFORGANIZATIONS ##  Foreachoftheseorganizations,pleaseindicatewhetheryouhavehadanyrelationswithitduringthepastfive   yearssay,about1996.Thatis,haveyouhadanykindofcontactordealingswithit.Ofcourse,whenIsayrelationswithanorganizationIincluderelationswiththepeoplewhoaremembersofthatorganizationaswellas XT  funding,visits,orcollaboration.Justmakeamarkinthefirstcolumn.Pleaseaddanyorganizationsoruniversitydepartmentswehaveleftout. TAKEBACKTHEFOLDEDLISTSANDUNFOLDTHEM.GIVETHERESPONDENTTHECARDWITH9" TYPESOFRELATIONS "ANDASKHIMTOREFERTOIT.WHILEYOUREADBACKTHENAMESOFTHE  ORGANIZATIONSTHATHEHASMARKED.FILLOUTTHELASTCOLUMNYOURSELFASTHERESPONDENTCALLSOUTTHEANSWERSFROMTHELISTOFTYPESOFRELATIONSPROMPTATTHEENDOFEACHLIST Arethereanyotherorganizationsordepartmentsofthistypeyou'vehadcontactwith.Weshouldaddthemat ! theendofeachlistbecausewedidn'thaveroomtolistthemall.  `\" AFTERRESPONDENTHASFINISHEDLOOKINGATEACHLIST: Nowpleaserefertothiscardlisting9typesofrelations.I'llreadbacktoyouthenamesofthoseorganizationsyou $) havehadsomecontactwithandyoutellmewhatkindofcontactitinvolvedthatis,whatkindsofcontactitwas(collaborativeproject,personalfriend,exchangeofinformation,andsoforth).Sofor(NAMEOFORG)whatkindofrelationwasthat?Justlookatthelistandtellmewhatitwas. CLARIFICATION:RECEIVINGFUNDSFROMANORGANIZATIONINDIRECTLYALSOCOUNTS.CLARIFICATION:YOUNEEDNOTHAVEHADRELATIONSWITHTHEMAINHEADQUARTERSOFTHEORGANIZATIONANYPERSONORANYBRANCHOFTHEORGANIZATIONWILLCOUNTASARELATION. +&2   <08+8  @3 3 'a b PROFESSIONALCONTACTS#  baL#   NowI'dliketoaskaboutafewspecificpeople,thepeoplewhohavesimilarinterestsorworkonthesamekindsofthings  thatyoudo.Ionlywanttoexcludeotherpeopleinthisspecificorganizationoracademicdepartment.Hereincludeanyone  youtalkto,anyoneyougotoforadvice,oranyonewhocomestoyouforadvice.Inotherwords,justtellmethosethatarethemostimportantforyourownwork.(1)Justgivemetheshortnames(noneedforfullnames)ofthepeople,withtheirorganization&location(city).  LOCATIONCODES 1=TVM,2=KERALA,3=INDIA,4=FOREIGN  t p (3)Whatmeansdoyouusemostoftentocontactthisperson?  MEANSCODES  x 1=FACETOFACE;2=PHONE;3=FAX;4=LETTER;5=EMAIL     *s ddd Xdd Xdd X##s,dd ,5dd ,dd ,dd +   HD  NAME    ORGANIZATIONNAME&CITY    LOCATION    MEANS@*  ԍ@*  ԍ̀@*@*                        \X   \X   \X  \X    ,(   ,(   ,(  ,(             !    "   #   $  %    &   '   (  )    l"h*   l"h+   l"h,  l"h-    <%8 .   <%8 /   <%8 0  <%8 1     (#2    (#3    (#4   (#5    *%6   *%7   *%8  *%9    -(:   -(;   -(<  -(=    |0x+>   |0x+?   |0x+@ |0x+A  @ &a b  PROFESSIONALACTIVITIES#  bV#   Thanksverymuch.That'smorethanhalfofthesurveyandthehardpartisover!Ihaveafewquestionsnowconcerningtheresourcesthatyouhaveaccesstoandsomequestionsonyourprofessionalactivities. Doyouhavereadyaccesstothefollowing.?  ( $   52)atelephone   x   1=Yes ( 0=No      53)atypewriter   x   1=Yes ( 0=No  < 8    54)apersonalcomputer  x   1=Yes ( 0=No       55)aprinter   x   1=Yes ( 0=No  TP    56)afaxmachine  x   1=Yes ( 0=No      57)electronicmailcapacity(email)  1=Yes ( 0=No  lh    58)secretarialassistance  x   1=Yes ( 0=No     59)amobilephone  x   1=Yes ( 0=No   Thefollowingquestionsaboutyourprofessionalactivitiesrefertothe lastfiveyears(thatis,sinceabout1996) .Mostof  themarejustYesorNo.60)Haveyoubeenamemberofanyprofessionalassociations? 1=Yes0=No  $  61)Haveyouservedontheeditorialboardofajournal? ( 1=Yes0=No   62)Haveyouheldofficeinaprofessionalorganization? ( 1=Yes0=No  <8 64)Haveyoubeenanadvisortotheextensionservice? ( 1=Yes0=No  ! 65)Haveyoubeenamemberofagovernmentcommitteeoradvisorygroup? 1=Yes0=No  T P# 66)Since1996haveyouservedasaconsultantwithinyourprofessionalfield? 1=Yes0=No  !% 67)Haveyoubeentoanytrainingcoursesduringthisperiod? ( 1=Yes0=No  l#h' 68)HaveyoubeenanadvisortoanNGO? x    ( 1=Yes0=No   $) 69)AreyouamemberofanyNGO? x    ( 1=Yes0=No  &!+ 70) Haveyoureviewedamanuscriptforaprofessionaljournalorbookpublisher?  # `# 1=Yes0=No   ( #- # Fa#72)Howmanyjournalsdoyousubscribetopersonally?____73)Asaprofessional,approximatelyhowmanyhoursinatypicalweekdoyouspendworking?______74)Abouthowmanyhoursofthiswouldyousayyouspendon research ?______ ,'3 75)Since1996howmanyprofessionalmeetingshaveyouattended?______   p INCLUDEGOVERNMENTSPONSOREDANDPROFESSIONALSOCIETYMEETINGS76)Againsince1996,howmanymeetingshaveyouattendedoutsideKeralabutwithinIndia?____ 0+8 77)HowmanymeetingshaveyouattendedoutsideIndia?____  2-: Ї0   78  73)Approximatelyhowmanydaysduringthepastyearhaveyouspentawayfromyourorganizationonprofessional  activities?PLEASEINCLUDETIMEATPROFESSIONALMEETINGS.______ ##  # 7e#0   Thinkingofthefollowingfivemeansofcommunication,howwouldyouranktheirimportanceforyourownprofessional PL work,where1ismostimportantand5isleastimportant. ##  79)PostalM# kf# ail____  80)Phone____81)Fax____82)Email/Web____83)Facetoface____# f# XX XXX X# XXXXg## X Xdg# PRODUCTIVITY     84) Inthepast12months,howmanyresearchpapershaveyouwrittenbyyourselforincollaborationwithothers? \X     p  (publishedorunpublished)____# h#0   Nowforthelast five yearswewouldliketoknowabouttheperiodsince1996.Weareinterestedinthenumberof   publications,reports,andsoforth.(INCLUDETHEYEAR1996.) ## Howmany?85)Papersatstateornationalworkshops______86)Papersatinternationalconferences_______87)Reports(publishedorotherwise)______88)Bulletinsforextension______89)Articlesinforeignjournals______90)Articlesinnationaljournals______91)Chaptersinbooks______92)Haveyoureceivedanyprofessionalawards? 1=Yes0=No  TP @ "a NEEDSOFKERALARESEARCHSYSTEM   NowI'mgoingtoreadyoualistofsomethingspeoplesayareimportantfortheKeralaresearchsystem.I'dlikeyouropinionofhowimportanteachoneofthemis.1=Veryimportant2=somewhatimportant3=notsoimportant4=notatallimportant9=DK/NR  93)Increasingsalariesandimprovingconditionsforresearchers     0      1234994)Hiringmoretechnicians&supportstaff x    @<"   1234995)Buildingnewfacilities  x    (   $   1234996)Improvinglinkswithinternationalresearchorganizations  1234997)Maintainingthephysicalinfrastructure x    #(   1234998)Providingfundsfortravel  1234999)Improvingcommunicationwithpolicymakers  12349100)Providingoperatingfundsforfield&labwork  12349101)CreatingelectroniccommunicationnetworkswithinKerala  12349102)Creatinginternationalelectroniccommunicationnetworks  12349103)Expandingandimprovinglibraries  12349104)Improvingcommunicationbetweenresearchers&extension  12349A* 1,: A*Thinkingofthefollowingsixthings,howwouldyouranktheirimportanceforimprovingtheKeralaresearchsystem.   Giveanumberfrom1to6,where1meansmostimportantdon'tuseanynumbermorethanonce.   105)salaries p   ____  106)management  ____ x    107)settingresearchplans&priorities x ____ $  108)operatingbudget   x ____    109)communicationbudget(includingtravel)  ____ 40  110)trainingbudget   x   ____    @YY,ab COMPUTERS#bv#   Inthissectionwe'dliketoaskafewquestionsaboutcomputersandtheInternet.Bythe"Internet"wemeanalltypesofelectronicconnectivity,includingbothemailandtheWorldWideWeb.# Nv# 111)Doyouhaveapersonalcomputeratwork?  # w# 1=Yes0=No      XX  IFNO,SKIPTO116 # X Xyx# <8    112)IFYES,inwhatyearwasitfirstavailable____# x#   # y#   113)IFYES,Whereisitlocated? 1=personaloffice,2=sharedoffice,3=commoncomputerroom# y#   tp   114)IFYES,Howmanypeopleusethiscomputer,includingyourself?  ____     115)IFYES,IsthiscomputerconnectedtotheInternet?# rz#  1=Yes0=No   " 116)Doyouhaveapersonalcomputerathome?  # {# 1=Yes0=No      XX IFNO,SKIPTO120 #XX|# !$   117)IFYES,inwhatyeardidyoufirstacquireahomecomputer?____# J|#   118)IFYES,Howmanypeopleusethiscomputer,includingyourself?  ____ L$H(   119)IFYES,IsthiscomputerconnectedtotheInternet?# h}#  1=Yes0=No   % * # ~# # ~# 120)Inatypicalweek,abouthowmanyhoursdoyouuseacomputerforyourjob(whetherathomeoratwork)? `'\",   0=Notatall 1=Lessthanonehour  2=Betweenoneandfivehours 0  $( #-    p 3=Betweenfiveandtenhours  4=Betweentenandtwentyhours 0  (#.    p  5=Overtwentyhoursperweek  (      0   9=DK/NR )$/ # # 121)Howoftendoyouuseacomputerforfun/play?   1=Frequently 2=Occasionally x 3=Seldom ( 4=Never    0 9=DK/NR +&2 # # 122)Howcomfortabledoyoufeelusingcomputersingeneral?  1=Verycomfortable 2=Somewhatcomfortable   L.H)5    p  3=Slightlycomfortable  4=Notatallcomfortable# #     0 9=DK/NR  / *6 @.ab EMAIL# bb҃#b b#b:#   # # 123)Haveyoueverusedemail? 1=Yes x 0=No    ( XX IF"NO"SKIPTOPAGE10 #XX#    WHENWESAY'USEDEMAIL'WEINCLUDESOMEONEELSEUSINGITFORYOU124)Areyoucurrentlyusingemail?# #  x 1=Yes  0=No  (   # #  P L 125)Whenwasthelasttimeyousentanemail?  # #  1=Yesterdayortoday  2=Withinthepastweek       3=Withinthepastmonth 4=Withinthepastsixmonths  5=Longerthan6months     9=DK/NR   # # 126)Inwhatyeardidyoufirstuseemail?____# # 127)Withinthepastyear,haveyoubeen unabletoaccess youremailaccountforatleastoneweek? 1=Yes  0=No      127a)Whatwastheprimaryreason?  1=# X# technical  2=# x# financial# ъ#  0 3=other     9=DK/NR# #  |  # # # # 128)Ifyouwantedtosendsomeoneanemail,whichofthefollowingwouldyoubemostlikelytodo?      1)useanInternetconnectionathome  2)use# .# anInternetconnection# -# atwork     3)useapublicterminal(libraryorInternetcafe)  4)usesomeoneelse'sInternetconnectionathomeoratwork  5)asksomeonetosenditforyou(assistant,secretary,friend)     0 9=DK/NR  # #  Forthesenextquestions,thinkaboutatypicalweek:  hd 129)Howmanyemailmessagesdoyousend?   1=Lessthanoneeachweek x   2=Betweenoneandsixinaweek     p 3=Usuallyoneortwodaily   ( 4=Morethantwodaily  0   9=DK/NR  # # 130)Howmanyofthesearerelatedtoyourresearch?# Ȑ#  @<    1=Lessthanoneeachweek x   2=Betweenoneandsixinaweek     p 3=Usuallyoneortwodaily   ( 4=Morethantwodaily  0   9=DK/NR  # @# 131)Howmanyemailmessagesdoyoureceive?# #  TP   1=Lessthanoneeachweek x   2=Betweenoneandsixinaweek      p 3=Usuallyoneortwodaily   ( 4=Morethantwodaily  0   9=DK/NR ! # # # w# 132)Allinall,abouth# # owmanyhoursinatypicalweekdoyouspendsendingandreceivingemailmessages? h d# # #    0=Notatall 1=Lessthanonehour  2=Betweenoneandfivehours 0  ,!($ Ѐ3=Betweenfiveandtenhours 4=Betweentenandtwentyhours  5=Overtwentyhoursperweek   9=DK/NR !% # # # )# Haveyoueverdonethefollowingonemail? |#x' # l# 133) 1=Yes p 0=No  # # B# [# eenamemberofadiscussiongroupconcernedwith# # science&technology# # issues @$<( # i# 134) 1=Yes p 0=No  # Ǚ# Sentamessagetoadiscussiongroup# 5# concernedwith# # science&technology# # issues# D#  % * # # 135) 1=Yes p 0=No  # # DiscussedresearchwithacolleagueinKerala X'T", # R# 136) 1=Yes p 0=No # ؜#  DiscussedresearchwithacolleagueinIndiabutoutsideKerala (#. # :# 137) 1=Yes p 0=No # ݝ#  DiscussedresearchwithsomeoneintheU.S.,Europeorotherdevelopedcountry p*l%0 # ?# 138) 1=Yes p 0=No # #  StartedaprofessionalrelationshipwithsomeoneyoumetontheInternet +&2 # T# 139) 1=Yes p 0=No # #  Continuedemailcorrespondencewithsomeoneyoumetpersonally -(4 # b# 140) 1=Yes p 0=No  # # Discussedproposalswithfundingagency. /*6 # r# 141) 1=Yes p 0=No # #  Submittedorreviewedman# T# uscriptsforjournals 0+8 # #   h1d,9 # ^^#,^ ^@QQ.ae^ WEBUSE#^e:#   # ^^ #  ^ ^142)Haveyoueverusedanywebbrowser(suchasExplorerorNetscape)? 1=Yes0=No XCX^IF"NO"SKIPTOPAGE11 #^XXCO#  # ^^Ѥ#  ä^ ^143)WhenwasthelasttimeyoubrowsedtheWeb?  1=Yesterdayortoday  2=Withinthepastweek      3=Withinthepastmonth 4=Withinthepastsixmonths  5=Longerthan6months     9=DK/NR T P # ^^#^ ^144)InwhatyeardidyoufirstusetheWeb?____# ^^t#^ ^# ^^#^ ^145)Allinall,abouth# ^^-#^ ^owmanyhoursinatypicalweekdoyouspendusingtheWeb? h d  # ^^#^ ^   0=Notatall 1=Lessthanonehour  2=Betweenoneandfivehours 0  , (  Ѐ3=Betweenfiveandtenhours 4=Betweentenandtwentyhours  5=Overtwentyhoursperweek   9=DK/NR    # ^^#^ ^# ^^#^ ^Howfrequentlydoyouaccessthewebfromthefollowingplaces? |x  # ^^Ȫ#^ ^    p 1=daily,2=weekly,3=monthly,4=lessthanonceamonth,5=never # ^^^# 0   9=DK/NR @<  147)Fromhome p    x 1  2 ( 3  4  5 0   9   148)Fromwork p    x 1  2 ( 3  4  5 0   9   149)Fromafreepublicterminal(library) x 1  2 ( 3  4  5 0   9   150)Fromacybercafe   x 1  2 ( 3  4  5 0   9 TP 151)Fromafriend's   x 1  2 ( 3  4  5 0   9^ ^  # ^^/#^ ^152)HowcomfortabledoyoufeelusingtheInternet?  # ^^#^ ^  ( 1=Verycomfortable 0 2=Somewhatcomfortable     p 3=Slightlycomfortable x 4=Notatallcomfortable# ^^ #^ ^     0 9=DK/NR  hd # ^^#^ ^ @*@*# ^^#^ ^Whichofthefollowinghaveyoudoneonline? 0, # ^^б#^ ^153) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^U#^ ^orderedaproductorserviceforyourresearch  # ^^#^ ^154) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^>#^ ^createdawebpage  # ^^#^ ^155) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^ #^ ^conductedaninformationsearch# ^^o#^ ^  # ^^д#^ ^156) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^'#^ ^usedanelectronicjournal LH # ^^#^ ^157) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^#^ ^acquiredorusedscientificdata  # ^^`#^ ^158) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^׶#^ ^collaboratedonascientificproject# ^^;#^ ^  # ^^#^ ^159) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^#^ ^foundandexaminedreferencematerials  # ^^\#^ ^160) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^ٸ#^ ^accessedresearchreportsorscientificpapers lh # ^^=#^ ^161) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^ù#^ ^participatedinonlinechatgroups 40  # ^^'#^ ^162) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^#^ ^usedonlinejoblistings ! # ^^#^ ^163) 1=Yes0=No  # ^^s#^ ^usedonlinemaps " 163a) 1=Yes0=No  downloadedanysoftware  # 163b) 1=Yes0=No  publishedanypapers T!P$ # ^^׻#^ ^# ^^׼#^ ^164)Allinall,howwouldyouassesstheinfluenceoftheInternetonyourprofessionalactivities? "&    1=Improvedmattersgreatly x 2=Improvedmatterssomewhat  3=Hashadnoeffect   #'   4=Impairedmatterssomewhat x 5=Impairedmattersgreatly   0   9=DK/NR  h$d(  165)Allinall,whateffectwouldyousaytheInternetwillhave# ^^#^ ^onyourprofessionalactivities?# ^^E#^ ^ % * # ^^#^ ^   1=Improvemattersgreatly x 2=Improvematterssomewhat  3=Willhavenoeffect   &!+   4=Impairmatterssomewhat x 5=Impairmattersgreatly   0     # ^^#^ ^9=DK/NR# ^^M#^ ^ |'x", # ^^#^ ^# ^^#^ ^Whatarethebiggestproblemsyou'vefoundinyourexperienceoftheInternet(emailandtheWeb)? )$.    p  1=Amajorproblem2=Aminorproblem3=Notaproblem  0   9=DK/NR )$/ # ^^0#^ ^   p    x MajorMinorNot   0   0 # ^^~#^ ^ *%0 # ^^R#^ ^166)Toomuchtimetoconnect  x   1 ( 2  3   0     9 X+T&1 # ^^#^ ^167)Toomuchtimewaitingforapagetoappear# ^^#^ ^  1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^#^ ^ ,'2 # ^^#^ ^168)Notbeingabletofinddesiredinformation# ^^#^ ^  1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^a#^ ^ ,'3 # ^^#^ ^169)Coststoomuch# ^^R#^ ^   x   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^#^ ^ -(4 # ^^e#^ ^170)Linkstopagesthatarenolongerthere# ^^#^ ^ x   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^*#^ ^ h.d)5 # ^^#^ ^171)Notenoughvaluablescientificinformation# ^^'#^ ^  1 ( 2  3   0     9 8" # ^^#^ ^ ,/(*6 # ^^>#^ ^172)Gettingdisconnected# ^^#^ ^   x   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^#^ ^ /*7 # ^^#^ ^173)Toomanyuselesssites# ^^#^ ^  x   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^b#^ ^ 0+8 # ^^#^ ^174)Sitesthatrequireregistration# ^^k#^ ^  x   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^#^ ^ x1t,9 # ^^#^ ^175)Sitesthatrequirepaymentforuse# ^^#^ ^ x   1 ( 2  3   0     9# ^^C#  <28-: @-a e ^ ATTITUDES# ^ e#   Inthislastsection,I'mgoingtoreadsometypicalstatementsusedinsurveysofscientistssomeoftheseweaskedwhenwedidthesurveyherein1994.I'dliketoknowifyou"Agreestrongly,""Agreesomewhat,"Disagreesomewhat,"or"Disagreestrongly."1=agreestrongly2=agreesomewhat3=disagreesomewhat4=disagreestrongly 0 9=Don'tKnowor      p    x    (      0 NoResponse   176)Peopleinmyfieldmostlyworkontheirresearchbythemselvesorinasmallresearchgroup.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 < 8  177)Myresearchisthemostimportantinterestinmyprofessionallife.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9    178)SecurityontheInternetisabigproblem.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 LH  179)Peopleinmyfieldofresearchcompetewitheachothermorethantheycollaborate.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9   180)IsometimesworrythatotherscientistsmightpublishthesameresultsbeforeIdo.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 \X  181)Peopleinmyfieldofresearchgenerallyagreeaboutthemostimportantresearchissues.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9  182)Inthepastfewyears,therehavebeenalotofchangesinmyfieldofresearch.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 lh 183)ItislikelyIcouldfindasimilarorbetterpositionifIleftmycurrentposition.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9  184)Otheraspectsofmyworkaremoreimportantintereststhanmyresearch.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 |x 185)Scientistsinmyareagenerallycollaboratewithotherstodotheirresearch.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9  186)Myresearch^ ^hasoftenbeendelayedbyinformationordecisionsneededatanotherorganization.  # ^^#  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9^ ^  187)SincegettingontheInternet,Ihavebecomemoreconnectedwithresearchersinmyarea.# ^^#  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9  188)Ihavealotoffreedomtoselectmyownresearchproblems.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 ! 189)Itisjustaseasyforwomentogetaheadinaresearchcareerasformen.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 $ # 190)Iamfreetopublishtheresultsorreportsofmyresearchwithoutaskingpermission.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 !% 191)Theresearchsystemwouldbebetterifthereweremorewomenresearchers.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 4#0' 192)EnvironmentalproblemsintheThirdWorldhavebeenexaggeratedbyindustrialcountriesanddonoragencies.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 $) 193)EnvironmentalissuesarearichcountryobsessionthatKeralacannotafford.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 D&@!+ 196)TheresearchsysteminKeralahasconsideredtheenvironmentalcostsofproductionformanyyears.  1 p 2 3 4 x    (   9 '"-   (#. @11*a e ^ FINALQUESTIONS# ^ e#   WearedevelopingsomewebtoolsforthisprojectincentralTrivandrum.ForthatwewillbesettingupsometerminalsconnectedtotheInternet.Wouldyoubeinterestedinusingafreeemail/webbrowsingfacilitythere?1=Yes  0=No   Afterfinishingthesurveyanddeterminingthelevelofinterestwewillbecontactingyouregardingavailability.^ ^Whichemailpackagesdoyouuse(forexample,OutlookExpress,Messenger,etc.)?_______________________    # ^^#^ ^Doyousubscribetoanywebbasedemailservices(forexample,Hotmail,Yahoo,Jaldhi)?1=Yes0=NoWhichones?____________________________# ^^#^ ^ HD  # ^^S#Finally,couldyoutellusaboutanyspecificchangesthathaveoccurredinyourprofessionallifeasaresultoftheInternet?8) xd8 hd   ws @O O %a  e ^INTERVIEWEROBSERVATIONS # ^ e#Ԉ  ANSWERTHESEQUESTIONSYOURSELFAFTERLEAVING198)Timeinterviewended______199)Respondent'srace 1=African2=Asian3=Other ( $ 200)Respondent'ssex 1=Male 2=Female      p    x   Didyouseeanyofthefollowingintherespondent'sofficeortheroomwheretheinterviewtookplace?  201)atelephone   x 1=Yes  0=No      202)atypewriter  x 1=Yes  0=No      203)apersonalcomputer  x 1=Yes  0=No     204)afaxmachine  x 1=Yes  0=No HD    205)aprinter   x 1=Yes  0=No    206)Wasthereanyevidenceofcomputeruse,suchasthecomputerswitchedonbeforeorduringtheinterview?   p 1=Yes0=No207)DidRhavedifficultyhearingthequestionsorunderstandingthequestionnaire?  1.Hearing2.Understanding3.Both4.Noproblems208)Whatwastherespondent'sinitialattitudeaboutbeinginterviewed? ,( Ѐ1.veryinterested2.somewhatinterested3.indifferent4.somewhatreluctant5.veryreluctant6.hardtotell209)Whatwastherespondent'sattitudeaboutgivingthecommunicationnetworkinformation?  1.volunteeredinformationeasily2.somewhatreluctant,butdidnotobject  3.somewhatsuspiciousatfirst,butlatercooperated4.refusedtogiveinformation  5.didn'trefusebutIthoughts/heheldback210)Wasanyoneelsepresentduringtheinterview?1=Yes0=No0   212)Asidefromwhat(he/she)saidinanswertothespecificquestions,isityourimpressionthattherespondentleadsaverybusyandactiveprofessionallife;that(he/she)isaboutaverage;orthat(he/she)doesn'thavemuchtodo?. p 1.leadsactivelife2.leadsaveragelife3.inactive\X"## 213)Howopenandforthcomingdoyouthinktherespondentwasabout(his/her)feelings?̀  1.veryopen  2.heldbacksomewhat ( 3.heldbackagreatdeal !% 214)Didyouobserveanysignsoftensionorstressintherespondent'sbehavior?1=Yes0=No215)InwhatconditionwasR'soffice&equipment?  1.relativelynew 2.OKbutnothingspecial ( 3.abitworndown4.verypoorshape |%x * 216)InwhatconditionwasR'sbuilding?̀1.relativelynew 2.OKbutnothingspecial  3.abitworndown4.verypoorshape '"- 0   217)Howmuchactivitycarsand/orpeoplewasthereinandaroundtheplacewheretheinterviewwasconducted?1.agreatdeal2.some3.almostnone ## 218)Wasthisa?1.privateoffice2.sharedoffice219)Wheredidtheinterviewtakeplace?  1=R'sOffice2=Lab3=Other